Bitumen is typically obtained from the distillation of crude oil. Such bitumen is called petroleum bitumen or distilled bitumen. Petroleum bitumen is the product of a two-stage distillation process of crude oil in a distillation tower. In the first stage of distillation, light materials such as gasoline and propane are separated from crude oil.
This process occurs at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure. In the second stage, heavy compounds such as diesel and kerosene are removed. This process takes place at a pressure close to a vacuum. Finally, a mixture of very fine solid particles known as asphaltenes remains, which are immersed in a greasy fluid called maltenes. This combination is bitumen or its raw material.
However, some types of bitumen are obtained naturally through the gradual transformation of crude oil and the evaporation of its volatile substances over many years. Such bitumen is called natural bitumen, and its durability is greater than that of petroleum bitumen. Natural bitumen may exist in its pure form in nature (lake bitumen) or be extracted from mines (mineral bitumen).
Bitumen extracted from oil or specific mineral rocks is called pure bitumen, which is classified based on its formation source. To acquire the desired properties for various applications, pure bitumen undergoes additional processes, resulting in different types of bitumen (including blown bitumen, cutback bitumen, emulsion bitumen, modified bitumen, etc.).
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The majority of Iran’s natural bitumen (Gilsonite), found in the provinces of Kermanshah, Ilam, and Khuzestan, is in solid form. Natural bitumen in its original solid form is not directly usable. To use it, it is usually mixed with petroleum bitumen or dissolved in a solvent for making building insulation or waterproofing materials (isogum).
Usable natural bitumens are those that can be blended with petroleum bitumen, and the resulting product can meet the necessary standards for waterproofing and road construction applications. Therefore, suitable natural bitumen should have high solubility in sulfuric solutions, low mineral ash content, and a low melting point. Another important consideration in selecting natural bitumen is its source. It is essential to know from which mine the tested natural bitumen is obtained and whether there are sufficient reserves of this bitumen if its properties are suitable.
بیشتر بخوانید:
Use in Drilling Cement When low specific weight drilling cement is needed, natural bitumen is used in the drilling cement.
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